1-2 a few words on pronounciation

voc-y

tense vawels 緊張母音
lax vowels 弛緩母音
goat ヤギ
lamb 子羊
jaw あご
voiced consonant 有声子音
unvoiced consonant 無声子音
come into contact 接触する
schwa シュワー。曖昧母音
tip 先
sibilant 歯擦音
plosive 破裂音

lax vowels
(1)get
(2)it
(3)took
(4)some
only need to move the back of the tongue and the throat
not just short, sometimes doubled or lengthened

tense vowels
(1)caught: seen your throat by the doctor or loosen a tight belt and sit down in a soft chair; aaaaaaah!
(2)cat: combination of the thense vowel (1) and the lax vowel (1); similar to the noise that goat or a lamb makes
(3)down: combination of (2) and [o]; similar to the written "ow" and "ou"
(4)eat: stretch the lips back
(5)smooth: round the lips forward
(6)take: bring the lips back and drop the jaw
(7)ice: drop the jaw for the ah part of the sound and pull it back up for the ee part
(8)hope: round the lips, drop the jaw and pull back up into (5)

semivowels
(1)her; American R
(2)dull: American L

sibilant:[s]sound
plosive:[p]souund,
[th]and [v] aren't sibilant but plosive.

upside down "e" & upside down "V": linguisticly different, but pronounced exactly the same

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